Lung cancer is one of the most severe types of malignancies occurring in people across the globe. The rate of death due to lung cancer is claimed to be maximum among cancer death cases in developed countries, and it is also rising at a shocking pace in developing nations. Long term exposure to smoking of tobacco is presumed to be the main cause of lung cancer. Using two case-control studies by different groups of researchers in Great Britain and India in a similar context, this case helps to understand issues involving data analysis with the aim to check whether smoking can qualify as a factor that causes lung cancer.