The first part of the case describes the remarkable growth of the oral contraceptive industry in China, which dates back to 1958. In China, It is estimated, 50 per cent of the contraceptive adopters may be using the pill. In India, too, the history of contraceptive pill research dates back to late 1950s, however, the pill was not officially approved for mass use until 1975, six years after China. The second part of the case attempts to explain this variation on the timings of pill adoption and outlines the reasons for this variation.