The note gives an overview of evolution of Indian telecom sector. It aims to provide a background note on the competitive scenario and developments in telecom sector. This would help in critical analysis of policy making and regulatory issues in the industry. It covers the era from deregulation and privatization that started in 1984 to 2014, with a greater emphasis on recent developments. It throws light on evolution of wireless services, 2G, 3G and wireless broadband. It introduces initiatives undertaken by government for support of rural telecom infrastructure and services. It highlights the role of telecom R&D, manufacturing, growth, profitability and uncertainty in the regulatory regime.