Describes and analyses the rates of growth and major structural changes in the industrial sector of the Indian economy during 1950-70. The aspects covered are specifically related to the major planks of industrial policy. An attempt is also made to evaluate the achievement of policy objectives with the help of the observed trends. The main aspects covered are the importance of public sector, changes in the composition of industrial employment and output, trends in ownership and spatial concentration of industrial activity and growth of smallscale sector.