Reviews the concepts of, and trends in monopoly, and concentration of economic power in the Indian industry. It also examines the causes and consequences of monopoly and concentration. It, then, examines the working of the MRTP Commission, in terms of the cases it has dealt with, and the criteria for the approval or rejection of a particular application, or practice. Finally, the note raises some issues relating to the growthconcentration relationship, and to the implications arising out of the striking down of certain practices by the MRTPC.